On January 2, 2023, health authorities received a report of a cluster of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in a postpartum care institution. The cluster involved 8 newborns (5 cases were RSV-positive ) and 1 postpartum woman, with an attack rate of 11.4% (9/79) among residents. The cluster of RSV transmission was possibly caused by infected visitors, overnight companions, or healthcare providers failing to implement infection control measures. Initially, the institution delayed reporting to health authorities due to concerns about a negative reputation. They took self-remedial measures and disinfection. However, with the emergence of additional cases, they actively cooperated with health authorities after notification, preventing the further spread. Postpartum care institutions pose high risks for RSV clusters. Since the relaxation of epidemic prevention regulations in the second half of 2022, RSV infections have sharply increased. Timely detection and early intervention in clusters can prevent further spread of the disease. However, the phenomenon of “social desirability responding” may lead to delayed or underreporting by reporting entities, resulting in missed opportunities for epidemic prevention. We recommended that health authorities emphasize the importance of timely reporting in cluster control education and training at institutions, as well as share case studies to enhance positive confidence in reporting behavior.